(Image credit: "Vertebral Column Regions" by Jennifer Lange is licensed under CC BY-NC-SA 4. The vertebrae are divided into three regions: cervical C1–C7 vertebrae, thoracic T1–T12 vertebrae, and lumbar L1–L5 vertebrae. The arch is composed of paired pedicles and laminae. All vertebral bodies have the same basic components: body, arch, and paired articular processes. The adult vertebral column consists of 24 vertebrae, plus the sacrum and coccyx. We extracted the following neural arch measurements from all vertebrae from L1-S1 (Fig. There are a variable number of caudal vertebra. The angle was measured on 120 normal adults’ X-ray and 25 dry anatomical specimens. The body with the body of the 3rd cervical vertebra to form the intervertebral joint. This study aims to explore the measurement of the angle between the axis of the pedicle and the lateral margin of the isthmus on the lumbar spine, and investigate its clinical significance. The odontoid process with the anterior arch of the 1st cervical vertebra to form the median atlanto-axial joint. Oblique view of cervical vertebra: The parts of a human vertebra.\): Vertebral Column. The articular processes are located on the vertebral arch, at the junction of the pedicles and lamina. Inferior articular facets with the superior articular facets of the 3rd cervical vertebra to form the joints of the vertebral arches. The vertebral arch is formed from two, short, thick processes called pediments that extend posteriorly from the lateral sides of the vertebral body, before joining together at the midline with the laminae. The intervertebral discs that act as ligaments between the vertebral bodies. The intervertebral foramina that facilitate access to the spinal cord for nerves and vessels.Located between each pair of vertebrae are two laterally located openings: The posterior vertebral or neural arch that encloses the spinal cord.The anterior vertebral body which is the point of articulation between the vertebrae. Projecting upwards from the vertebral arch on either side of the midline, at approximately the junction of the lamina, pedicle and the root of the transverse process, is the superior articular process, while projecting inferiorly from the vertebral arch in line with the superior articular process is the inferior articular process (Figure 3, Figure 4).Comprised of bone and cartilage, the configuration of a vertebra varies based on its location within the body, although there are common features associated with those of the upper region.Ī typical vertebra of the upper region of the spine consists of two regions: The strength and flexibility of this structure is generated by the structure of the individual vertebrae. It consists of a pair of pedicles and a pair of laminae, and supports seven processes: four articular processes two transverse processes one spinous process. pap, posterior articular process tp, transverse process 1, proximity between the caudal end of the vertebral arch of C3 and the cranial edge of the neural spine of C4. It also provides a base for numerous muscle attachments and articulations with other bones. Degenerative (pseudospondylolisthesis) Degenerative changes in the discs and facet joints. Defect in the pars interarticularis, usually caused by repetitive loads or stress fractures, less commonly by acute trauma. When articulated together the vertebrae form a strong yet flexible structure that encloses the vertebral foramen, or opening, where the spinal cord sits. Congenital dysplasia of the articular process. vertebral arch: The posterior part of a vertebra through which the spinal cord passes. The vertebral column, also known as the backbone or spine, is the core part of the axial skeleton in vertebrate animals.process: An outgrowth of tissue or cell.
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